| Anthrax |
Human to human transmission is
unlikely. Standard Precautions for the duration of the illness.
ABX sterilize skin lesion in 24 hours. |
NONE |
| Botulism |
NONE |
NONE |
| Plague (Pneumonic) |
Isolate cases treated with ABX
using Droplet Precautions for 48 hours. |
PEP for face to face contacts
and monitoring for 7 days. |
| Smallpox |
Isolate cases in negative pressure HEPA exhaust
rooms or wards using vaccinated staff with N95 masks and barrier
precautions. |
Vaccinate face to face contacts
w/i 4 days and monitor for 19 days. Isolate when fever
starts. |
| Tularemia (Pneumonic) |
Human to human transmission
not reported. Standard Precautions for the duration of the
illness |
NONE |
| Viral Hemorrhagic fevers |
Isolate in private room (Negative pressure HEPA exhaust
is ideal but there is low incidence of nosocomial infection)
maintaining strict body fluid/excreta pecautions. |
Monitor contacts for symptoms. Quarantine
not required. |
The CDC recommends
Standard Precautions
for the care of all patients, regardless of
their diagnosis or presumed infection status.
-
Standard Precautions
apply to 1) blood; 2) all body fluids,
secretions, and excretions,
except sweat,
regardless of whether or not they contain
visible blood; 3) non-intact skin; and 4)
mucous membranes. Standard precautions are
designed to reduce the risk of transmission
of microorganisms from both recognized and
unrecognized sources of infection in
hospitals.
- Standard precautions
includes the use of: hand washing,
appropriate personal protective
equipment such as gloves, gowns, masks,
whenever touching or exposure to
patients' body fluids is anticipated.
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-
Transmission-Based Precautions
(i.e., Airborne Precautions, Droplet
Precautions, and Contact Precautions), are
recommended to provide additional
precautions beyond Standard Precautions to
interrupt transmission of pathogens in
hospitals.
- Transmission-based
precautions can be used for patients
with known or suspected to be infected
or colonized with epidemiologically
important pathogens that can be
transmitted by airborne or droplet
transmission or by contact with dry skin
or contaminated surfaces. These
precautions should be used in addition
to standard precautions.
-
Airborne Precautions
used for infections spread in small
particles in the air such as chicken
pox.
-
Droplet Precautions
used for infections spread in large
droplets by coughing, talking, or
sneezing such as influenza.
Contact Precautions
used for infections spread by skin
to skin contact or contact with
other surfaces such as herpes
simplex virus.
Airborne Precautions, Droplet
Precautions, and Contact Precautions.
May be combined for diseases that have
multiple routes of transmission. When
used either singularly or in
combination, they are to be used in
addition to Standard Precautions.
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